MARS

The third planet of the "Celestial" collection is Mars, known in antiquity as "Mavors". It is also recognized as Ares (Destroyer), Pyroeis (Fiery), and Gradivus (Marching forward one). Although Mars is usually referred to as the god of war, it was also considered the god of merchants and nobility, not particularly associated with conflict (probably due to its ancient connection to agriculture).

In ancient times, iron and red gold were regarded as the metals of Mars. Gold, being more noble, is better suited for such work.

The sacred number of Mars is 5, which in Kabbalah corresponds to Divine Strength (Gevurah, the fifth sephirah of the Tree of Life). Hence, Mars' figure is a pentagon, symbolizing man and the five elements.

According to medieval French manuscripts, Mars' symbols "grant invulnerability, instill terror in enemies, and allow one to travel day and night without fear of any danger":

de rendre invulmerables ceux qui le portent sur seux, de les rendre terribles a leurs ennemis et intrepides a marcher nuit et jour sans aucun peril

French manuscript

In the center lies the square of Mars. It is associated specifically with this planet because its mathematical properties are linked to the number 5: it has five cells horizontally, vertically, and diagonally; the largest digit is 25, and the sum of all numbers is 325. According to Agrippa von Nettesheim, this square "bestows strength in battles, trials, and disputes, instills fear in enemies, and brings victory over them":

potentem facit in bello, & iudiciis, & petitionibus, & terribilem adversariis suis, & victoriam præstat adversus hostes

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim

From this square, symbols located above the square, as well as names in the border, are derived. They are associated with Mars' sacred numbers 65 and 325. In the Middle Ages, it was advised to "bury this seal in a fortress to make it impregnable":

qu'estant mis et enterré dans une forteresse elle devient imprenable

French manuscript

Below the square is the "signature" of the archangel according to the medieval conception of Kabbalists about the seven heavens located beyond the earthly sphere. Samael is considered the archangel of Mars (or Camael in the Kabbalistic tradition). In texts where these symbols are listed, it is stated that he "presides over war and weapons, makes you victorious in battles, protects you from all injuries, makes you invulnerable to all kinds of weapons, whether firearm or cold weapon, terrifies enemies and puts them to flight, as well as sends spirits that make a company of fifty men appear like an army of two hundred thousand men":

preside a la guerre et aux armes, vous rend victorieux dans les combats vous preserve de touttes blessures et vous rend invulnerables a touttes sortes d’armes, soit au feu ou a pointe, vous donne des esprits qui avec une compagnie de cinquante hommes font paraitre une armee de deux cent mille hommes, donne de la terreur aux enemis et le met en fuitte

French manuscript

Mars' seals are located along the edges of the square, as well as characters based on geomantic figures, Rubeus (Red) and Puer (Boy).

Since Mars corresponds to the number 5, this talisman is inlaid with only 5 stones. In ancient lapidaries (books on the properties and nature of stones), rubies are attributed to Mars, as they are associated with activity and decisiveness.

Names of spirits associated with Mars and its manifestations in the material world are engraved in the border.